{"id":4188,"date":"2015-11-13T21:11:46","date_gmt":"2015-11-13T23:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viazap.com.br\/?p=4188"},"modified":"2015-11-13T21:11:46","modified_gmt":"2015-11-13T23:11:46","slug":"lvm-dicas-rapidas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.clusterweb.com.br\/?p=4188","title":{"rendered":"LVM dicas r\u00e1pidas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"1-lvm\">1. LVM<\/h2>\n<p>LVM significa \u201cLogic Volume Manager\u201d, em portugu\u00eas \u201cGerenciador de volume l\u00f3gico\u201d, ele gerencia discos e dispositivos de armazenamento em massa. No LVM um volume \u00e9 o equivalente a uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o de um disco.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"11-usos-do-lvm\">1.1 Usos do LVM<\/h2>\n<p>O LVM \u00e9 muito utilizado em servidores linux por oferecer uma capacidade de ajuste din\u00e2mico de seus volumes.<\/p>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea por exemplo que refazer o desenho de parti\u00e7\u00f5es de um disco, no m\u00e9todo tradicional voc\u00ea precisaria fazer backup dos dados, apagar as parti\u00e7\u00f5es, criar um novo layout de parti\u00e7\u00f5es, formatar as parti\u00e7\u00f5es, reinstalar o sistema operacional e depois ainda fazer o restore dos dados, algo chato e demorado.<\/p>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea utilizar LVM estar\u00e1 administrando seu armazenamento em uma camada de abstra\u00e7\u00e3o, voc\u00ea trabalhar\u00e1 com volumes f\u00edsicos (PV), grupos de volumes (VG) e volumes l\u00f3gicos (LV), guarde esses nomes.<\/p>\n<p>Quando voc\u00ea cria uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o do disco destinada a uso via LVM esta parti\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 um PV (Physical Volume), e far\u00e1 parte de algum VG (Volume Group), j\u00e1 os LV s\u00e3o \u2018fatias\u2019 de algum VG.<\/p>\n<p>Um VG pode ser criado com um ou mais PVs e o LVM lhe permite adicionar outros PVs a um VG para aumentar a capacidade de armazenamento quando for necess\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n<p>Imagine um VG como se fosse um grande dispositivo de armazenamento composto por v\u00e1rios PVs, a capacidade total de armazenamento de um VG \u00e9 a soma da capacidade dos PVs associados a ele.<\/p>\n<p>LVs (Logical Volumes) s\u00e3o fatias do seu VG (volume group), imagine que voc\u00ea tem um VG com capacidade de 100 GB, voc\u00ea pode ter 10 LVs de 10GB ou dois LVs de 50GB, isso \u00e9 configur\u00e1vel, para o sistema operacional linux, um LV equivale a uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o de um disco, pode ser formatada e montada da mesma forma que uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o de um disco comum.<\/p>\n<p>A grande vantagem do LVM \u00e9 que voc\u00ea pode redimensionar VGs e LVs, aumentando ou diminuindo seu tamanho, e se estiver utilizando um sistema de arquivos que suporte resize, algo como ext3 ou ext4, poder\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m aumentar e diminuir o sistema de arquivos sem precisar reconstruir todas as parti\u00e7\u00f5es e reinstalar seu ambiente.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"12-vantagens\">1.2 Vantagens<\/h3>\n<p>Se o seu \/var est\u00e1 quase cheio, e se voc\u00ea estiver utilizando LVM, bastar\u00e1 adicionar um novo PV (Physical Volume) ao VG (Volume Group) que possui o LV (Logical Volume) utilizado para o o ponto de montagem \/VAR, ap\u00f3s aumentar a capacidade do VG, voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 com poucos comandos &#8211; em poucos minutos &#8211; aumentar o tamanho do \/var sem grandes impactos em seu ambiente.<\/p>\n<p>Especificamente para aumentar ou diminuir o \/var, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio parar a m\u00e1quina, mas dependendo da parti\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 preciso.<\/p>\n<p>Voc\u00ea pode tamb\u00e9m diminuir um LV que n\u00e3o esteja usando muito espa\u00e7o para aumentar outro que esteja precisando de espa\u00e7o, desde que estejam no mesmo VG.<\/p>\n<p>O LVM torna a administra\u00e7\u00e3o de parti\u00e7\u00f5es algo muito flex\u00edvel.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"13-desvantagens\">1.3 Desvantagens<\/h3>\n<p>Um VG \u00e9 composto por PVs, se um PV quebrar voc\u00ea perde o VG e os LVs, isso pode ser um grande problema, portanto, \u00e9 importante ter confian\u00e7a nos discos envolvidos em um ambiente LVM.<\/p>\n<p>Se poss\u00edvel \u00e9 interessante utilizar RAID para poder perder um ou mais discos de um LVM sem perder seu VG inteiro.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 quem diga tamb\u00e9m que por ser uma camada a mais em seu ambiente, haver\u00e1 perda de performance em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a grava\u00e7\u00e3o e leitura em um PV, contudo, acho que isso \u00e9 impercept\u00edvel na grande maioria dos ambientes.<\/p>\n<p>Normalmente o LVM vers\u00e3o 2 j\u00e1 vem instalado na maioria das distribui\u00e7\u00f5es linux, em Debian e CentOS est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel desde a instala\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2-mo-na-massa\">2. M\u00e3o na massa<\/h2>\n<p>Vamos aprender a trabalhar com LVM, no estilo dicas r\u00e1pidas.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"21-criando-partio-lvm\">2.1 Criando parti\u00e7\u00e3o LVM<\/h3>\n<p>Vamos particionar o disco sdb como exemplo<\/p>\n<pre><code>fdisk \/dev\/sdb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acesse a ajuda<\/p>\n<pre><code>Command (m for help): m\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">10<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">11<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">12<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">13<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">14<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">15<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">16<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">17<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">Command action\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   a   toggle a bootable flag\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   b   edit bsd disklabel\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   d   delete a partition\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   l   list known partition types\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   m   print this menu\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   n   add a new partition\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   o   create a new empty DOS partition table\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   p   print the partition table\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   q   quit without saving changes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   t   change a partition's system id\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   u   change display\/entry units\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   v   verify the partition table\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   w   write table to disk and exit\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   x   extra functionality (experts only)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Vamos criar uma nova parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>Command (m for help): n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Escolha o tipo de parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">Partition type:\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">   e   extended\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Eu escolhi prim\u00e1ria, as quatro primeiras parti\u00e7\u00f5es de um disco podem ser prim\u00e1rias, se voc\u00ea pretende ter mais de quatro parti\u00e7\u00f5es, crie 3 prim\u00e1rias e uma extendida.<\/p>\n<pre><code>Select (default p): p\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Esta ser\u00e1 a primeira parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Agora o fdisk me pergunta em qual setor essa parti\u00e7\u00e3o deve come\u00e7ar e depois ele tamb\u00e9m pergunta o tamanho, eu vou dar ENTER e depois ENTER para usar todo o disco a partir do primeiro setor.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">First sector (2048-125829119, default 2048):\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Using default value 2048\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-125829119, default 125829119):\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Using default value 125829119<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Agora vou imprimir as parti\u00e7\u00f5es<\/p>\n<pre><code>Command (m for help): p\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">Disk \/dev\/sdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 7832 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Sector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">I\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Disk identifier: 0xe61fc21b\r\n<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line\">   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">\/dev\/sdb1            2048   125829119    62913536   83  Linux<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Veja que uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o foi criada, agora vamos definir o tipo da parti\u00e7\u00e3o, veja os tipos dispon\u00edveis<\/p>\n<pre><code>command (m for help): l\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">10<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">11<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">12<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">13<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">14<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">15<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">16<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">17<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">18<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">19<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">20<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">21<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">22<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">23<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">24<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">25<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\"> 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix \/ old Lin bf  Solaris\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap \/ So c1  DRDOS\/sec (FAT-\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS\/sec (FAT-\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS\/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS\/sec (FAT-\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 4  FAT16 &lt;32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP\/M \/ CTOS \/ .\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 7  HPFS\/NTFS\/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> a  OS\/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R\/O\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD\/OS          e4  SpeedStor\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP\/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\"> f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12\/16\/\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux\/PA-RISC b\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">14  Hidden FAT16 &lt;3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS \/ HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">17  Hidden HPFS\/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware aMKCORE\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC\/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Agora vamos definir o tipo da parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>Command (m for help): t\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Escolha LVM (tipo 8e)<\/p>\n<pre><code>Selected partition 1\r\nHex code (type L to list codes): 8e\r\nChanged system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Vamos imprimir novamente a tabela de parti\u00e7\u00f5es do disco<\/p>\n<pre><code>command (m for help): p\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">Disk \/dev\/sdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 7832 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Sector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">I\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Disk identifier: 0xe61fc21b\r\n<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line\">   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">\/dev\/sdb1            2048   125829119    62913536   8e  Linux LVM<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u00d3timo, tudo certo, agora vamos gravar essa configura\u00e7\u00e3o no disco<\/p>\n<pre><code>Command (m for help): w\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">The partition table has been altered!\r\n<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line\">Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Syncing disks.<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Agora j\u00e1 podemos sair do fdisk<\/p>\n<pre><code>Command (m for help): q\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Pronto, para ter certeza que est\u00e1 tudo certo rode o comando abaixo<\/p>\n<pre><code>fdisk -l \/dev\/sdb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">Disk \/dev\/sdb: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">128 heads, 39 sectors\/track, 25206 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Sector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">I\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Disk identifier: 0xe61fc21b\r\n<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line\">   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">\/dev\/sdb1            2048   125829119    62913536   8e  Linux LVM<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Veja que a parti\u00e7\u00e3o sdb1 foi criada corretamente<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"22-criando-pv\">2.2 Criando PV<\/h3>\n<p>Agora que j\u00e1 temos uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o LVM, podemos criar um volume f\u00edsico (PV)<\/p>\n<pre><code>pvcreate \/dev\/sdb1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Vamos checar os PVs<\/p>\n<pre><code>pvscan\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Veja detalhes dos PVs<\/p>\n<pre><code>pvdisplay\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">10<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">11<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">\"\/dev\/sdb1\" is a new physical volume of \"60.00 GiB\"\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  --- NEW Physical volume ---\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  PV Name               \/dev\/sdb1\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG Name\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  PV Size               60.00 GiB\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Allocatable           NO\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  PE Size               0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Total PE              0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Free PE               0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Allocated PE          0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  PV UUID               KtmCte-RHtK-XgTi-rLnd-qGL0-0OZe-8KHm4b<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Beleza, agora podemos criar um VG<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"23-criando-vg\">2.3 Criando VG<\/h3>\n<p>Depois de criar os volumes f\u00edsicos, podemos criar os grupos de volume<\/p>\n<pre><code>vgcreate fileserver \/dev\/sdb1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Verifique os VGs existentes<\/p>\n<pre><code>vgscan\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Veja detalhes dos VGs<\/p>\n<pre><code>vgdisplay\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">10<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">11<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">12<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">13<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">14<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">15<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">16<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">17<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">18<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">19<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">20<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">--- Volume group ---\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG Name               fileserver\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  System ID\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Format                lvm2\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Metadata Areas        1\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Metadata Sequence No  1\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG Access             read\/write\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG Status             resizable\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  MAX LV                0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Cur LV                0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Open LV               0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Max PV                0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Cur PV                1\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Act PV                1\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG Size               60.00 GiB\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  PE Size               4.00 MiB\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Total PE              15359\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Alloc PE \/ Size       0 \/ 0\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Free  PE \/ Size       15359 \/ 60.00 GiB\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG UUID               JYkvTQ-hZ3R-Mib0-tIzm-CXmr-7NWH-UPu8UT<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"24-adicionando-pv-a-vg\">2.4 Adicionando PV a VG<\/h3>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea quer expandir o seu VG adicionando outra parti\u00e7\u00e3o use o comando abaixo<\/p>\n<pre><code>vgextend fileserver \/dev\/sdc1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"25-criando-lv\">2.5 Criando LV<\/h3>\n<p>Agora que temos um grupo de volumes, vamos criar um volume l\u00f3gico<\/p>\n<pre><code>lvcreate --name public --size 40G fileserver\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Verique os LVs<\/p>\n<pre><code>lvscan\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Veja detalhes dos LVs<\/p>\n<pre><code>lvdisplay\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">3<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">4<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">5<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">6<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">7<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">8<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">9<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">10<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">11<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">12<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">13<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">14<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">15<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">16<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">  --- Logical volume ---\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV Path                \/dev\/fileserver\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV Name                public\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  VG Name                fileserver\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV UUID                Qn8u3P-Olgx-whQE-eLPn-OiaH-eguo-jfM8Vg\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV Write Access        read\/write\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV Creation host, time debian64, 2013-05-16 11:51:59 -0300\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV Status              available\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  # open                 1\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  LV Size                40.00 GiB\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Current LE             39424\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Segments               2\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Allocation             inherit\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Read ahead sectors     auto\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  - currently set to     256\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">  Block device           254:2<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"26-formatando-a-partio\">2.6 Formatando a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p>Depois de criar o LV j\u00e1 podemos format\u00e1-lo<\/p>\n<pre><code>mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"27-montando-a-partio\">2.7 Montando a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<pre><code>mkdir \/srv\/public\r\nmount \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public \/srv\/public   \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"28-configurando-fstab\">2.8 Configurando fstab<\/h3>\n<p>Verifique o identificador \u00fanico das parti\u00e7\u00f5es<\/p>\n<pre><code>blkid \/dev\/sdb1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public: UUID=\"811782cc-ddc3-43ca-8ba8-f67efa80f229\" TYPE=\"ext4\"     \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>No fstab insira a seguinte linha<\/p>\n<pre><code>UUID=811782cc-ddc3-43ca-8ba8-f67efa80f229 \/srv\/public               ext4    defaults 0       1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"29-aumentando-lv-ext4\">2.9 Aumentando LV (ext4)<\/h3>\n<p>Desmonte a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>umount \/srv\/public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Vamos estender o volume l\u00f3gico adicionando mais 114 GB ao LV<\/p>\n<pre><code>lvextend -L +114GB \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Acompanhe a sa\u00edda<\/p>\n<figure class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<pre class=\"line-numbers\"><span class=\"line-number\">1<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"line-number\">2<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<pre><code class=\"\"><span class=\"line\">Extending logical volume fileserver to 154.00 GiB\r\n<\/span><span class=\"line\">Logical volume mirrordata successfully resized <\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>E depois vamos passar o e2fsck para o verificar o LV<\/p>\n<pre><code>e2fsck -f \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Agora vamos aumentar a parti\u00e7\u00e3o ext4<\/p>\n<pre><code>resize2fs -p \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Rode novamente o e2fsck para checar a parti\u00e7\u00e3o que fora estendida<\/p>\n<pre><code>e2fsck -f \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Monte a nova parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>mount \/srv\/public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Pronto, parti\u00e7\u00e3o estendida.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"210-diminuindo-lv-ext4\">2.10 Diminuindo LV (ext4)<\/h3>\n<p>Desmonte o filesystem<\/p>\n<pre><code>umount \/srv\/public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Antes de prosseguir verifique a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>e2fsck -f \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Diminua o LV em 40GB<\/p>\n<pre><code>resize2fs -p \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public 40G\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Diminua a parti\u00e7\u00e3o ext4 em 40 gigas<\/p>\n<pre><code>lvreduce -L 40G \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Verifique a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>e2fsck -f \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Rode mais uma vez o o resize para se certificar que parti\u00e7\u00e3o vai ficar do mesmo tamanho do LV<\/p>\n<pre><code>resize2fs -p \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Verifique a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>e2fsck -f \/dev\/mapper\/fileserver-public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Monte a parti\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n<pre><code>mount \/srv\/public\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Pronto.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-referncias\">3. Refer\u00eancias<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tldp.org\/HOWTO\/LVM-HOWTO\/\">http:\/\/www.tldp.org\/HOWTO\/LVM-HOWTO\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sourceware.org\/lvm2\/\">http:\/\/sourceware.org\/lvm2\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/pubmem.wordpress.com\/2010\/09\/16\/how-to-resize-lvm-logical-volumes-with-ext4-as-filesystem\/\">http:\/\/pubmem.wordpress.com\/2010\/09\/16\/how-to-resize-lvm-logical-volumes-with-ext4-as-filesystem\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.howtoforge.com\/linux_lvm_p2\">http:\/\/www.howtoforge.com\/linux_lvm_p2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. LVM LVM significa \u201cLogic Volume Manager\u201d, em portugu\u00eas \u201cGerenciador de volume l\u00f3gico\u201d, ele gerencia discos e dispositivos de armazenamento em massa. No LVM um volume \u00e9 o equivalente a uma parti\u00e7\u00e3o de um disco. 1.1 Usos do LVM O LVM \u00e9 muito utilizado em servidores linux por oferecer uma capacidade de ajuste din\u00e2mico de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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